The Relationship between Plant-Based Diets (Vegetarian/Vegan) and Central Obesity: A Literature Review

Abstract

Obesity, particularly central obesity, has become a major global health concern due to its strong association with metabolic disorders such as cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. This study aims to examine the relationship between plant-based diets (vegetarian and vegan) and central obesity by conducting a qualitative literature review using the library research method. The research analyzes various scientific articles, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published in reputable international journals. The findings indicate that plant-based diets are generally associated with lower body mass index (BMI), reduced visceral fat accumulation, and improved metabolic health. Several mechanisms contribute to this relationship, including higher fiber intake, lower energy density, and improved gut microbiota composition. Additionally, plant-based diets are rich in phytonutrients and antioxidants that promote fat metabolism and reduce inflammation, factors that are closely associated to central obesity. However, some studies highlight potential risks of plantbased diet such as inadequate nutritients intake particularly protein, vitamin B12, iron, and omega-3 fatty acids. A well-planned or well-balanced plantbased diet can provide all essential nutrients and nutritionally adequate. The overall evidence suggests that adopting a plant-based diet can be an effective strategy for managing and preventing central obesity. Future research should focus on long-term randomized controlled trials to strengthen the causal relationship and explore potential confounding factors. This study contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting plant-based nutrition as a sustainable and health-promoting dietary approach for obesity prevention and management.