Urban Poverty and Social Mobility: Challenges and Opportunities in Developing Cities

Abstract

Urban poverty remains a persistent challenge in developing cities, where rapid urbanization often outpaces economic opportunities and social mobility. This literature review aims to explore the complex relationship between urban poverty and social mobility, identifying the structural barriers and potential opportunities that exist within developing urban environments. The analysis draws upon a range of academic studies, reports, and case studies focusing on cities in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Key factors contributing to the entrenchment of poverty include inadequate access to education, limited employment opportunities, and poor urban infrastructure. Additionally, social inequalities, such as discrimination based on gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, further impede upward mobility. However, the review also highlights emerging opportunities that can foster social mobility, including targeted social programs, economic policies promoting entrepreneurship, and investments in education and skills development. The role of government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in mitigating poverty through innovative approaches is emphasized. Findings suggest that while urban poverty in developing cities presents substantial challenges, there are actionable strategies that can promote social mobility and alleviate poverty. However, a multifaceted approach involving policymakers, the private sector, and civil society is necessary to create sustainable change. This review underscores the importance of addressing urban poverty with comprehensive, long-term strategies that empower marginalized populations and enable inclusive economic growth.