Performance Evaluation of Pumps as Turbines in Pico Water Systems Using Water Recycling as an Alternative Power Plant

Abstract

The use of pumps as turbines (Pump as Turbine or PAT) in the pico water system is one of the important innovations in the development of cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative power plants. The background of this research is rooted in the need to develop renewable energy sources that can be implemented in remote areas with limited resources. Pico water systems that use water recycling offer sustainability solutions through efficient management of water resources while generating electrical energy for small-scale needs. This study aims to evaluate the performance of PAT in generating electricity and the effectiveness of using recycled water in improving the efficiency and sustainability of this system. The research uses a qualitative method based on literature studies, by collecting data from various sources, including journal articles, technical reports, and conference publications. Thematic data analysis techniques are used to identify patterns related to the design, efficiency, and sustainability of PAT systems that utilize recycled water. The results show that PAT is able to achieve energy conversion efficiency of up to 80% depending on design and operational conditions. The use of recycled water provides flow stability, which supports consistent PAT operations. Strategies such as the integration of digital technology and closed-loop systems improve the overall efficiency of the system. With promising results, recycled water-based PAT systems have great potential to be adopted as an alternative energy solution in remote areas. This study recommends the development of policies and training to expand the adoption of this technology.