Forensic Law in Indonesia Challenges Legal Framework and the Role of Forensic Medicine in Criminal Investigations

Abstract

Forensic law represents a specialized branch of legal science concerned with the integration of medical expertise into the criminal justice system, particularly in the investigation and resolution of serious crimes such as homicide, physical assault, and sexual violence. The involvement of forensic physicians is pivotal in providing objective scientific assessments related to the cause and time of death, as well as injury analysis, through external examinations and autopsies. In the Indonesian legal framework, the application of forensic medicine is governed by several key legislations, including the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) and the Medical Practice Act. Forensic physicians are often summoned as expert witnesses in court, tasked with delivering scientifically grounded testimonies that aid in the judicial process. However, the implementation of forensic law in Indonesia still faces several challenges. Among these are the limited understanding of forensic procedures among law enforcement personnel and the inadequate number of forensic medical specialists across the country. These gaps can hinder the efficiency and accuracy of criminal investigations. Recent research emphasizes the value of expert forensic involvement in litigation, noting its contribution to more timely case resolution and a greater assurance of justice. Accordingly, there is an urgent need to strengthen formal education in forensic medicine, establish standardized training modules, and develop well-equipped forensic laboratories. These efforts are essential to elevate the scientific credibility and operational capacity of forensic services within Indonesia's legal system.