The Role of Public Participation in Public Policy Formulation at the Regional Government Level

Abstract

This study explores the role of public participation in the formulation of public policies at the regional government level through a qualitative literature review. As decentralization becomes more prominent in governance structures worldwide, regional governments are increasingly responsible for tailoring policies to local needs. Public participation has emerged as a critical factor in enhancing democratic governance, improving policy effectiveness, and strengthening institutional accountability. Drawing on scholarly works from the past two decades, this paper examines the conceptual frameworks, typologies, and empirical findings related to citizen engagement in regional policymaking processes. The analysis reveals that effective participation requires more than formal mechanisms; it depends on inclusiveness, transparency, civic capacity, and institutional commitment. Various models of engagement—ranging from consultative to collaborative—show differing degrees of impact on policy quality and public trust. Challenges such as limited access to information, political resistance, and civic apathy often hinder meaningful participation. However, best practices identified in the literature suggest that capacity-building, digital tools, and sustained dialogue between governments and citizens can significantly enhance participatory outcomes. This review concludes by emphasizing the need for context-sensitive strategies that align participatory mechanisms with local governance capacities. It offers recommendations for policymakers, practitioners, and scholars to strengthen the role of citizens in shaping policies that directly affect their communities.